IrfanView
the grand seigneur of image viewing, editing and conversion for Windows – zippy performance meets a minimal interface, yet advanced functionality and plug-in support
XnView MP
view, edit and manage pictures – with essentials (crop, resize etc.), retouching filters and tools such as contact sheet creation, but also tagging, categorizing and metadata editing
paint.NET
an image editor that cleverly balances functionality and ease of use – work with layers, a magic wand for selections, filters, (Photoshop) plug-ins for even more filters etc.
GIMP
it's no Photoshop (or Affinity Designer), but the most powerful free all-purpose image editor nonetheless – overcome its idiosyncrasies and you can do a f***ton, including vector graphics
darktable
comprehensive photo retouching and management software like Lightroom – with a plethora of filters to be tweaked for developing RAW images or creatively altering your photos
PicPick
take screenshots with lots of options (save location, screen region/scrolling window content, hotkeys ...) – bonus tools include an image editor, a magnifying glass, and a pixel ruler
XnConvert
image conversion software – with transparency layer (alpha channel) preservation, loads of advanced bulk editing capabilities and command line support
A Sharper Scaling
enlarge images without them getting too blurry – its clever algorithms yield decent to great results when scaling up images, examples are provided on the author's website
ShiftN
(semi-)automatic correction of converging lines on images, especially useful for architectural photos – the default settings mostly work well, but you can tweak them to optimize the results